Achalasia Cardia

Achalasia Cardia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by the failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax properly, leading to difficulties in swallowing (dysphagia) and the backflow of food into the esophagus. It results from damage to the nerves in the esophagus, affecting muscle coordination.

Symptoms

• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing solids and liquids.
• Regurgitation: Backflow of undigested food.
• Chest pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest that may resemble heart pain.
• Weight loss: Due to difficulties in eating and swallowing.
• Heartburn: Burning sensation in the chest due to acid reflux.
• Coughing or choking: Especially during or after eating.
• Halitosis: Bad breath due to stagnant food in the esophagus.

Causes

• Autoimmune response: The immune system may attack the nerve cells in the esophagus.
• Genetic predisposition: A family history of achalasia or related conditions.
• Infections: Some studies suggest a possible link to viral infections, such as herpes or chagas disease, which can damage the nerve cells.